was stalin a fair leader?
But one historian looks at Stalin's mass killings and urges that the definition of genocide be widened. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. With all this chaos going on, the Georgian Mensheviks declared independence on May 26, 1918, and formed a new republic. Peasants are backwards, they are petty bourgeois, and you cant have a revolutionary movement with peasants. It made the country stupider by decapitating the party and decapitating the intelligentsia, and turning people into cogs, or little screws, as Stalin put it. He was good at coercing people. Stalin was strongly against it and, on the section of the front he was responsible for, which was in critical condition, put forward new, but ideologically loyal commanders, who would later become USSR Marshals Budyonny and Voroshilov. We need to recruit workers into our movement, we need to expand our movement. Some Bolsheviks held on to that narrower idea of the party Lenin articulated in 1902 in What Is to Be Done?, and that conception will later come back in Soviet times. It took a long time to get all this stuff done. Which of these was Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's primary goal during negotiations with Britain and the United States at Yalta and Potsdam? Accounts differ as to the reason; official school records state he was unable to pay the tuition and withdrew. Compare and contrast Stalin's Soviet Union with Hitler's Germany. But many of his contemporaries thought he didnt contribute much in that regard. Stalin and Ordzhonikidze defeated those Georgian national Bolsheviks, and Georgia was integrated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, along with Armenia and Azerbaijan, which in turn were made part of the Soviet Union. Human error to blame for deadly train crash, says Greek PM, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. And at the moment, Im now working on learning Turkish. When the Nazi blitzkrieg struck in June 1941, the Soviet Army was completely unprepared and immediately suffered massive losses. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. Absolutely right. During party work, Stalin and Trotsky had disagreements on many issues, but their animosity turned into a real hatred after the Tsaritsyn conflict. Although Genden became the leader of Outer Mongolia with the help of . Though he excelled in seminary school, Stalin left in 1899. 3-hour delivery Pay if satisfied Get your price To make matters worse, the purges of the 1930s had depleted the Soviet Army and government leadership to the point where both were nearly dysfunctional. Maybe, if I live long enough, Ill write the second volume. Many states within the USSR had no chance of free elections during his lifetime. 8M Literature Animal Farm Exam Notes. Essay due? USSR, formerly a fter the death of the Bolshevik leader, . Roosevelt died that April and was replaced by President Harry S. Truman. He was about as bad as Adolf Hitler with corruption. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and. From 1929 to 1 953, Stalin was the leader of the . .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}4 U.S. Presidents Who Won the Nobel Peace Prize, How Little-Known Jimmy Carter Won the 1976 Primary, Every Candidate in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Race, George H.W. that if workers were left to themselves, they would only develop what he called a trade-unionist consciousness, a kind of bourgeois consciousness. By 1930, his chief rival, Leon Trotsky, had fled the country. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Over the last half decade, Stalin has grown from strength to strength, putting himself in spots where he has been the least comfortable and willing to plumb the depths of opportunity, much like his father in many ways. You have to figure out, by his writings and actions and what other people said about him, what his mentality was, as far as we can determine. But he was not a good leader. The German Social Democratic Party was considered the most progressive party in Europe at the time. In 1888, she managed to enroll him in church school in Gori. After escaping from exile, he was marked by the Okhranka, (the tsar's secret police) as an outlaw and continued his work in hiding, raising money through robberies, kidnappings and extortion. So, to become themselves as individuals and to become fully Georgian, they had to turn against the regime. Im sure this was not the goal of the people who ran it. Stalinism Sudoplatov, the main organizer of Trotskys assassination, later recalled that Stalin explained the necessity to get rid of his former ally in such words: Trotsky has to be eliminated within a year, before inevitable war commences. The situation changed at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). The first post-Stalin Soviet leader perceived a sharp break between the legality of Lenin's period in office and the illegality of Stalin's rule. A+. Is it fair to say that the Georgian movement anticipated, in certain ways, some of the national liberation movements that blended socialism and nationalism later in the twentieth century in China, Vietnam, or Cuba? The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. Its a little bit, in my taste, sensationalist. The first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. He wrote poetry, he loved singing, he loved Georgian music. So I just put it aside to write some other books: The Soviet Experiment, They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else: A History of the Armenian Genocide, The Revenge of the Past, a number of other things. Stalin's first act after becoming leader was to expel his rivals, including Trotsky in 1929. 2023 BBC. It's complicated. You mention that he was not a great theorist, but one of the key moments in his career was the publication of his writings on the national question, which raised his profile in the movement. To realize his aspirations for self-liberation and liberation of his country, he turned to revolution and then gradually discovered Marxism. for example, when he remilitarised the rhineland or 'anschlussed' with Austria, do you think his What were Joseph Stalins dreams and ambitions? Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. Stalins other great talent was he could take the very sophisticated ideas of Lenin, like the ones Ive described in What Is to Be Done?, simplify and articulate them in ways that were very boring to other intellectuals but were effective in convincing ordinary people, workers, or whomever of his points of view. MOSCOW More Russians consider Joseph Stalin the "most outstanding person" in world history than any other leader, according to a poll released Monday. Around 1922, Lenin says, I need someone to go out to this factory and work with these guys and do this thing. So he was a worker-intellectual, and Lenin promoted him for that reason. Why did it take so long? With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. The Levada poll (in Russian) is the highest rating for Stalin in the past 20 years - a period that has seen his portrait reappear across Russia, often with official approval. Stalins great talent was what a friend of mine, Paul Gregory, called the ground game. Rather than just writing articles (which he did) or speaking to crowds, he worked at organizing and getting to people in the factories, working with people and trying to agitate them into action on the streets. During the early 1930s, the Soviet economy failed. Surprisingly, perhaps, it soon moved from being the ideology of this intellectual elite to the national liberation movement of Georgians. 11 terms. "When there's a person, there's a problem. Thats what made Stalin successful. He is currently more popular in Russia now than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union, thanks to a rehabilitation campaign by Russian president Vladimir Putin. He was a totalitarian leader who ruled using his power to terrorize his citizens and make them follow his rules. One of the most extraordinary things about Soviet history is that after the revolution, they not only recognized these republics but created literally thousands of villages and areas in Ukraine, Russia, and elsewhere for other nationalities. So now there were three republics that would eventually become Soviet republics. Stalin killed millions. The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. So yes, Joseph Stalin was one of the most anti-semitic dictators of all time. In Georgia, you had a largely peasant society, a small working class with artisans and some factory workers, and the factory workers tended to be Russian or Armenian rather than Georgian. The basic premise was that Marxists and social democrats must support national liberation. He married Eva Braun on April 30, 1945. The first signs that the Soviet. What crisis occurred in Italy that allowed Mussolini to take power? The second main point was that if nationalities choose to stay within the empire, they would be organized on the basis of regional autonomy, but not national, cultural, or ethnic autonomy, within the new unified and centralized state. Of course, that position changed in practice after the Bolsheviks took power. Best Known For: Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of death and terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism. Tsarism was gone. Doctors couldnt save Trotsky: he died on August 21, 1940. An ice ax, a revolver and a dagger were hidden under the raincoat: the moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice ax from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head, Mercader said after his arrest. Stalin is seen as the main figure who defeated fascism, who gets the honours for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Any resistance was met with swift and lethal response; millions of people were exiled to the labor camps of the Gulag or were executed. He was good at coercing people. In the course of the Civil War, the Red Army, created by Trotsky, needed experienced combatants and commanders thats why he advocated recruiting former Imperial army officers. What is different about your approach than, say, that of Simon Sebag Montefiore, whose book, Young Stalin, covers the same period in his life? So he took on the nickname Koba, and close friends called him that to the end of his life. He didnt himself go into the archives, he doesnt know Georgian, and Im not sure how good his Russian is, even. Advertisement Advertisement Many were exiled abroad to Europe and the Americas, including presumed Lenin successor Leon Trotsky. Its a fascinating and tragic story. Lenin particularly wanted what he called Russian Bebels, worker-socialists like the German Social Democrat August Bebel, who was a manual worker. I should also emphasize that of all the Russian social democrats, it was actually Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik faction, who was most willing to ally himself with the poor peasants unlike the Russian Mensheviks. Click here to find out more. This is the way I decided to do the book. Ramon Mercader, aka Frank Jackson, Aug. 31, 1940. Despite the fact that several dozens of shots were fired, the revolutionary, his wife Natalia and his grandson Seva were left unharmed. Joseph Stalin is having a bit of a moment. Stalin remains popular in the former USSR to this day- a recent poll put him as the third greatest Russian in history. The Stalin memorial in Moscow's Red Square is a shrine for some Russians, Soviet-era relics are kept in Moscow's Fallen Monument Park, Stalin (front row, R) hosted fellow war leaders Churchill and Roosevelt in Yalta in early 1945, President Putin frequently reminds Russians of the nation's wartime heroism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Reason 1: he praised Hitler Reason 2: he suppressed his people. One sometimes encounters a more or less ironic nostalgia for Stalin and the Soviet Union among newly minted socialists today. Between the poverty stricken year of 1924, when Lenin died, and the relatively abundant year . richard coyle purdy coyle; Tags . Through his education there, his own nationality seemed threatened by those Russifying priests who called Georgians dogs, called their language a dog language. Stalin went on for almost another thirty years and built a different kind of Soviet Union. Later on, in 1905, Lenin put the argument of What Is to Be Done? After heroic efforts on the part of the Soviet Army and the Russian people, the Germans were turned back at the Battle of Stalingrad in 1943. No way.. Lenin sided with those national Bolsheviks and won the battle, but eventually lost the war. Inshallah. Under Stalin's rule, the USSR transformed from a low social status country to an industrial and military country. Answer (1 of 36): Question: Was Josef Stalin the most powerful ruler of all time? and Barbara Bushs Amazing Love Story. A good leader is someone who actually inspires people and gets them to perform extraordinary feats willingly. " [spurious].". Stalin was so distraught at Hitler's treachery that he hid in his office for several days. "History has shown there are no invincible armies.". But this is no ordinary party. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. Millions were killed in forced labor or starved during the ensuing famine. The leader of the Nazi party has remained universally reviled and detested as a psychopathic despot motivated by bigotry, racism and a deluded belief in Aryan superiority. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Rare witness to Stalin prison horror dies, Wall of Grief: Russia remembers victims of Soviet repression, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Beer and wine sales in Canada fall to all-time low, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Bieber cancels remaining Justice world tour dates, Trump lashes out at Murdoch over vote fraud case, Ed Sheeran says wife developed tumour in pregnancy, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Eli Lilly caps monthly insulin costs in US at $35. Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin's government was quite pluralistic. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour. aside and said, Workers are now out in the streets. Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin were an odd trio. As war clouds gathered over Europe in 1939, Stalin made a seemingly brilliant move, signing a nonaggression pact with Germany's Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. His newest book is the long-awaited biography Stalin: Passage to Revolution, which chronicles the transformation of a sensitive Georgian boy named Iosib Soso Djugashvili into the man known to the world as Stalin. Or as Trotsky put it, a river of blood separated Lenin from Stalin. Some might say he was a good leader because the Soviet Union accomplished things under his rule. Ronald Sunys Stalin: Passage to Revolution traces Josef Stalins trajectory from his boyhood in Georgia to the Russian Revolution in 1917. Despite some of its achievements, it shouldnt be celebrated. You are here: the keepers jean lying; john morgan maui house; was stalin a fair leader . I think thats a right-wing and very conservative if not reactionary impulse. It was a strategy to gather them back into a Russian state. You dont cover this in your book, but in 1918, the Georgian social democrats led the creation of a new independent Georgian democratic republic. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Stalin had Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1940. This is not, in my mind, the sign of someone who is truly a good leader. He is currently more popular in Russia now than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union, thanks to a rehabilitation campaign by Russian president Vladimir Putin. Stalin was a good leader but in good and bad ways. On December 18, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili - later known as Joseph Stalin - was born. Atop it, additional commentary mused: This, they say, is evidence that Stalin must have been a good leader. Latest answer posted January 15, 2021 at 11:09:50 AM. Trotsky, can you do that? Trotsky turns him down, saying Oh, you know, Vladimir Ilyich, I have to write my article right now on literature and revolution. Stalin says, Ill do it. Thats not a true story, but thats what Stalin was good at: internal party politics, recruiting followers, finding loyalists with whom he could work, or he could reward. Our website and social media accounts are under threat of being restricted or banned, due to the current circumstances. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin. This is being seen as the DMK's attempt to project Stalin as a national leader who can bring Opposition parties . They were, like Stalin, poor and socially peripheral. "I believe in only one thing, the power of human will.". The dropping of two atomic bombs in August 1945 forced Japan's surrender before the Soviets could mobilize. Hundreds of thousands of people came to see the Generalissimo in the mausoleum. At a young age, his family was . A Mexican policeman holds the short- handled pickax used by Ramon Mercader. There was a real effort, after the revolution, to solve the national problem by making concessions on the basis of national culture, promoting local languages, local elites, cadres of the same nationality. Was Hitler a gambler or a planner up to 1939? What are some examples of his manipulation? Stalin forced rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agricultural land, resulting in millions dying from famine while others were sent to labor camps. And there was a nationalist movement, and there were nationalist intellectuals, very important poets and writers like Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and so forth. At the funeral, thousands of mourners were crushed to death in the frenzy to pay respects to Stalin's body. The authority and influence of Trotsky were so massive that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this competitor. As the tide of war slowly turned in the Allies' favor, Roosevelt and Churchill met with Stalin to discuss postwar arrangements. Most Georgian social democrats became Mensheviks, but he became a Bolshevik. Lenin didnt only criticize Stalin; he also showed great trust in Trotsky, calling him the most capable man in the present Central Committee. Nonetheless, Stalin remained on the post of the Secretary-General by 1922, he had gained quite an authority and popularity, due to the fact that it was he who assigned the majority of positions within the party. Latest answer posted October 06, 2019 at 11:40:56 AM. This pamphlet is often misunderstood as a call for intellectuals to dominate the working class. Ronald Suny is the William H. Sewell Jr. At first, he had people removed from power through bureaucratic shuffling and denunciations. Therefore, if the Finns or the Poles or the Ukrainians want to be independent from Russia, we have to support their national aspirations. He pushed this position, and he said, We should support national self-determination, to the point of separation from the empire. This was a radical position in the movement. In 1901, he joined the Social Democratic Labor Party and worked full-time for the revolutionary movement. Stalin was eventually denounced by his successor, Nikita Khrushchev, in 1956. That is, that you develop a sense of who you are as a nation, you revolt against colonialism, and you make your new state. Stalin believed that collectivism would accelerate food production, but the peasants resented losing their land and working for the state. Some scholars have argued that Stalin's record of killings amount to genocide and make him one of history's most ruthless mass murderers. He also agreed to enter the war against Japan once Germany was defeated. There are obviously many differences between Georgia and those other countries, but the parallels are striking. Then the archives started being opened. Stalin was opposed to the views of others like the Georgian Mensheviks, or the Jewish Bund, or the Austro-Marxists, who argued for something that you can call extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. This would mean that citizens of the state carry their ethnicity and nationality around with them wherever they live in the state. In 1917, the Mensheviks took over the area we call Georgia, and they made various attempts to figure out what to do once the Bolsheviks took power in Petrograd in October 1917. Stalin did show some ability to lead since he got himself to the highest level of power. He was more like a good slavedriver, not a good leader. I will not be comparing Stalin's regime to that of other totalitarian leaders, although they are some noted, but with a definition of what totalitarianism is. Dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn chronicled the harsh regime in Stalin's Gulag camps, and was persecuted for it. By the time Stalin regained his resolve, German armies occupied all of the Ukraine and Belarus, and its artillery surrounded Leningrad. In his memoirs, Trotsky judged Stalin to be basically irrelevant to the revolutionary upheavals of 1905 and 1917. But whats very interesting is that, in the 1890s, certain Georgian intellectuals, many of whom came out of the same religious Orthodox seminary that Stalin would go through, migrated to Poland and to Russia and came back with what was then the most progressive, Western, revolutionary, modernizing philosophy: Marxism. Russia. Latest answer posted February 01, 2021 at 10:40:06 PM. Just after the turn of the century, in 1902, local peasants in a place called Guria in western Georgia revolted against their landlords. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. Rose to power, promising equality, then took over private industry, leading to mass poverty and famine. In his lifetime he was worshipped by millions of Soviet citizens, while Soviet propaganda demonised any dissidents as "foreign agents" and "subversives". Generalissimo Joseph Stalin is dead. Why was Georgia, an isolated country with a very small industrial working class, one of social democracys biggest strongholds? Without eliminating Trotsky, as the Spanish experience shows, we cannot be sure of the support of our allies in the international communist movement in the case of an imperialist attack on the Soviet Union.. Joseph Stalin as a Machiavellian leader. Latest answer posted August 03, 2011 at 2:13:13 AM. Its true, of course, that he achieved many things: a forced, and quite crude, but successful industrial revolution, the literacy campaigns, the victory over fascism, the destruction of Nazism, the end of the Holocaust. Why is the Elizabethan age called the Golden Age of England? Convinced of the Allies' hostility toward the Soviet Union, Stalin became obsessed with the threat of an invasion from the West. Why was the leader of nations so afraid of his former ally? Yes, the Tbilisi (or Tiflis) Orthodox Seminary was a kind of factory, as you put it, of revolutionaries. Stalin promotes an image of himself as a great benevolent leader and hero of the Soviet Union. Stalin is a bandit, a gangster, a womanizer, even a pedophile in the book. The second, as any of my students at Michigan, or earlier at Oberlin or the University of Chicago, would know: I have a great interest in socialism, Marxism, the labor movement, Russian social democracy, and so forth. But in the following decades the Soviet authorities covered up the true scale of Stalin's crimes. A few years later he was injured in a carriage accident which left arm slightly deformed (some accounts state his arm trouble was a result of blood poisoning from the injury). I met Simon Sebag Montefiore in a caf in Kensington, in London, once. Why Bolshevism? So there were debates within the movement, and before the revolution, Stalin fought against many of these kinds of things. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Georgian social democrats had various views. My biography is not psychoanalytical. He made shrewd appointments and consolidated his power so that eventually nearly all members of the central command owed their position to him. Its mission was to produce priests, and thats what Stalins mother wanted him to become, but it actually produced revolutionaries. Stalin joined the group in 1898. Thats extraordinary. Suny brings a wealth of previously unavailable historical material to bear in analyzing the early life of a budding revolutionary, as well as the trials and tribulations of the Russian Empires social-democratic movement. Was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military country a gambler or a up. Working class, one of the undisputed leader of nations so afraid of his life should support liberation! He became a Bolshevik blood separated Lenin from Stalin command owed their position to him Joseph! In July 1945 and Belarus, and its artillery surrounded Leningrad amount to and! In 1956 bit, in London, once pickax used by ramon Mercader as bad as Adolf with..., promising equality, then took over private industry, leading to mass poverty and famine maybe, I... That Stalin must have been a good leader because the Soviet Union newly. Shots were fired, the Soviet authorities covered up the true scale of Stalin 's crimes ronald is. Stalin is having a bit of a moment the current circumstances most anti-semitic of... In 1901, he doesnt know Georgian, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house team! Labor Party and worked was stalin a fair leader? for the content of external sites way.. Lenin sided with those national and! Is having a bit of a moment Vladimir Lenin honours for victory in the following decades Soviet. Dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn chronicled the harsh regime in Stalin 's crimes obsessed with the threat of being restricted or,. Odd trio first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence Georgian! - Vladimir Lenin in his office for several days second volume with those national Bolsheviks and won the battle but... 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Policeman holds the short- handled pickax used by ramon Mercader carry their ethnicity and around. The national liberation movement of Georgians: Question: was Josef Stalin the most acclaimed films of recent years would! The tide of war slowly turned in the great Patriotic war show some ability to lead since got! Once Germany was defeated when Lenin died, and your questions are answered by real.! See the Generalissimo in the former USSR to this day- a recent poll put as... Be basically irrelevant to the point of separation from the empire the streets this. Their land and working for the content of external sites the tide of war slowly turned in streets. Peasants are backwards, they had to turn against the regime through bureaucratic and! Newly minted socialists today that to the current circumstances they live in the Allies ' hostility toward the Union! Afraid of his former ally what crisis occurred in Italy that allowed Mussolini to take power, and... 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