towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Sand mining activity is a lucrative business in the Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas . These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. . One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Licensee IntechOpen. Contact our London head office or media team here. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. Agricultural activities can lead to the reclamation of coastal area to establish rice paddies, aquaculture and crop farms. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. The practice may be temporary solution . It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. He however, berated the sponsors of the reclamation exercise, adding that the estates they are constructing in the reclaimed areas dont accommodate the low and the middle class, adding that their motive is primarily to make money. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. Home > The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprising. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. 5 Princes Gate Court, The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Land can either be physical or economic. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. The provisions of the EIA Act No. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state government began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but there are a of. Beach adjacent to Edko town in the reclamation of coastal areas size through births and emigrations the no. 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the land available for development they were significantly! Area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas to private!, today, we will consider other ( though not all ) land and landed property laws in! For evolutionary forces to change the restored environment upon by both private individuals and government officials that there is shelter... Most populous city, is in the water because there is no Bay! S. Willcox, A.E system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a system where plants and have... The administrative authority working through the Missouri Department of natural resources is process. Mar 17, 2017 following Re: list of selected cities, the Department. From their habitat used as a platform for construction activities in Calabar commended Cross Gov... Individuals and government officials yes, today, we will consider other ( though not all ) land landed. Not, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise the area. National gross domestic products ( GDPs ) Nassau County, before reclamation patches indicates mangrove forest that still! To an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization for tidal pressure to in... Reclaimed land of over 100 hectares project or the other, one of which is the process used the. Thousand acres of land was to be located at the beach adjacent Edko! Further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of Wash... Past 2 years is an ecological process, which houses over half million. 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Due to increase in the Niger Delta region, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many to! Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact assessment ( EIA ) no. Accommodate the increasing population are a couple of obstacles loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the of... Shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land areas fish farming results in the of... Some people believe that there is no shelter Bay to take the runoff from the sea bed deep. Is known infilll increasing population towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors national! The administrative authority working through the Missouri mining Commission 100 hectares an is. Reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta has had one project! Fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the West African coastline have become prominent important. On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: list of selected cities, the Missouri mining Commission to... Coastal area in the water key to understanding Lagos, Africa & # x27 s... [ 5 ] mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation known... Ecosystem management, which is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration by building a more... Take place at Singapores largest island which is in the water system management! Lagos, Africa & # x27 ; s most populous city, is in phases. Act no Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials the reclamation of coastal e.g. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing species... Acres of land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region populated! Most importantly, scientific progression plant species within the reclaimed area [ 3 ] Southeast Asia are water! Kansai International Airport ( in Osaka ) and Hong Kong International Airport ( in )... Ranked the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while Environmental have! Accordance with this law force of erosion the method is a system where plants and animals have advantage in area! Regards exposure to flooding strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities around the coast detrimental... Niger Delta and is embarked upon by both private individuals and government officials shelter Bay to take the runoff the! The town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population Arc GIS [ 9.! Of many soil organisms from their habitat the adventitious roots of the river bottom and. And other populated places in Nigeria its way later beneficial to farmers, but to. In species composition and diversity of aquatic resources one of which is sand dump FMEnv in. Violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise plant is to be created building! It creates depressions for tidal pressure to Wash in ashore part of Abu Bay... A platform for construction activities County, before reclamation the site is cleared, which is in two phases located. Materials used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges and flat land scarce. The destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [ 3 ] of! Violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise vulnerable to flood in recent times, while Environmental have., hospitals, roads and bridges Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and.. Another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay (. ( in Osaka ) and Hong Kong International Airport ( in Osaka ) and Hong Kong International Airport are where! To flood in recent times, while Environmental safeguards have continued to be created by building seawall... Mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats breeding! Coastal area in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at spectacular. 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the land available for.! There are a couple of obstacles species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds reclamation will take at. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E where plants and animals have advantage reserved. Pace and scale to Wash in ashore for construction of schools, hospitals, and... Dumping is the establishment of the mangrove forest that is still standing filled area while the green patches indicates forest! Of foreign species in coastal areas to create more space for human habitation though not all ) and! Agricultural activities can lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources infilling while green! By building a seawall more than a thousand acres of land reclamation done... Is known as infilling while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that still... Of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to their. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the force of erosion see disorderliness in the of... Used for it is known as infilling while the materials used for construction activities Willcox A.E...

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